London Under. For the word puzzle clue of which london underground station is the most easterly on the district line, the Sporcle Puzzle Library found the following results.Explore more crossword clues and answers by clicking on the results or quizzes. [96][97] Many Overground stations interchange with Underground ones, and Overground lines were added onto the Tube map. A fresh London Tube strike has caused chaos in the capital the day after the Platinum Jubilee bank holiday, with 10 London Underground lines affected. Please try to keep recent events in historical perspective and add more content related to non-recent events. On 19 August 2016, London Underground launched a 24-hour service on the Victoria and Central lines with plans in place to extend this to the Piccadilly, Northern and Jubilee lines starting on Friday morning and continuing right through until Sunday evening. [1] Many of the central London underground stations on deep-level tube routes are higher than the running lines to assist deceleration when arriving and acceleration when departing. In many stations the ventilation system is now ineffective because of alterations that reduce tunnel diameters and increase turbulence. 3. One infraco Metronet went into administration in 2007, and TfL took over the other Tube Lines in 2010. London tram workers in 1930. The Underground is served by the following depots: In the years since the first parts of the London Underground opened, many stations and routes have been closed. [44] Only the Metropolitan Railway, along with its subsidiaries the Great Northern & City Railway and the East London Railway, and the Waterloo & City Railway, by then owned by the main line London and South Western Railway, remained outside the Underground Group's control. [6] The Underground has its origins in the Metropolitan Railway, the world's first underground passenger railway. The resulting fire cost the lives of 31 people and injured a further 100. The other names listed may have been used previously on station signage, on network maps, in advertisements or in planning material . Originally a joint Great Western and Metropolitan railways service, the line first appeared separately on the tube map in 1990. It's useful and clearly indicates the general directions taken by the trains (north, south, east or westbound), with all interchanges clearly shown. [102][103], As of 2021, the Underground serves 272 stations. [305] The Johnston typeface was developed in upper and lower case in 1916, and a complete set of blocks, marked Johnston Sans, was made by the printers the following year. (Photo by Hulton Archive/Getty Images) These would be used to increase frequencies and cover the Battersea extension on the Northern line.[183]. 4. The line runs 34 trains per hour for half an hour in the morning peak but is unable to operate more frequently because of a lack of additional trains. Heathrow Terminal 4 Underground station is accessible via lifts or stairs on Level -1. The 11 new stations were designed to be "Future-proof", with wide passageways, large quantities of escalators and lifts, and emergency exits. [26] The Metropolitan and District railways completed the Circle line in 1884,[27] built using the cut and cover method. [8] The network has expanded to 11 lines, and in 2020/21 was used for 296million passenger journeys,[3] making it one of the world's busiest metro systems. The Hammersmith and City line, which runs from Hammersmith in west London to Barking in east London, serves 29 tube stations and shares stops with the District, Circle, Metropolitan,. [82] The stations have subsequently been praised as exemplary pieces of 20th century architecture. The trains often break down, have to be withdrawn from service at short notice and at times are not available when required, leading to gaps in service at peak times. This test tunnel was used for two years in the development of the first underground train, and was later, in 1861, filled up. It also depends on an absence of turbulence in the tunnel headspace. [145] The first escalator on the London Underground was installed in 1911 between the District and Piccadilly platforms at Earl's Court and from the following year new deep-level stations were provided with escalators instead of lifts. The system is composed of eleven lines Bakerloo, Central, Circle, District, Hammersmith & City, Jubilee, Metropolitan, Northern, Piccadilly, Victoria, and Waterloo & City serving 272 stations. [78] One person operation had been planned in 1968, but conflict with the trade unions delayed introduction until the 1980s. [178][179], The line was upgraded with five new 1992-stock trains in the early 1990s, at the same time as the Central line was upgraded. The words "London Transport" were added inside the ring, above and below the bar. [277] The 100th anniversary of the roundel was celebrated in 2008 by TfL commissioning 100 artists to produce works that celebrate the design. [206], In 2014, TfL became the first public transport provider in the world to accept payment from contactless bank cards. The London Underground is frequently studied by academics because it is one of the largest, oldest, and most widely used systems of public transit in the world. [223][224] On 23 May 2016 it was announced that the night service would launch on 19 August 2016 for the Central and Victoria lines. Travel tools; 1869. As of 2021, the record for fastest completion was held by Steve Wilson (UK) and Andi James (Finland), who completed the challenge in 15 hours, 45 minutes and 38 seconds on 21 May 2015. Search for Tube station or line (e.g. London Underground also plans to add up to an additional 18 trains to the current fleet of 63 trains of 1996 stock. Three South Western Railway passenger trains a day use District Line tracks between Wimbledon and East Putney. [143], Originally access to the deep-tube platforms was by a lift. [322], Art on the Underground was launched in 2000 to revive London Underground as a patron of the arts. Until 1994 the Waterloo & City line was operated by British Rail and its predecessors. [275] As of 2013[update], forms of the roundel, with differing colours for the ring and bar, are used for other TfL services, such as London Buses, Tramlink, London Overground, London River Services and Docklands Light Railway. Photo Sales. [299] The project was critically acclaimed, with the Royal Fine Arts Commission describing the project as "an example of patronage at its best and most enlightened", and two stations shortlisted for the Stirling Prize. [218] Since 2010 a dispute between London Underground and trade unions over holiday pay has resulted in a limited service on Boxing Day.[221]. The Bakerloo line will receive new trains as part of the New Tube for London project. [283] The City & South London Railway opened with red-brick buildings, designed by Thomas Phillips Figgis, topped with a lead-covered dome that contained the lift mechanism and weather vane (still visible at many stations e.g. This resulted in a 40% increase in capacity between Seven Sisters and Walthamstow Central. [128] New trains are designed for maximum number of standing passengers and for speed of access to the cars and have regenerative braking and public address systems. The only London Underground stations in Zones 7 to 9 are on the Metropolitan line beyond Moor Park, outside London region. [51][52] The Piccadilly line was extended north to Cockfosters and took over District line branches to Harrow (later Uxbridge) and Hounslow. Passengers travelling without a valid ticket must pay a penalty fare of 80 (40 if paid within 21days) and can be prosecuted for fare evasion under the Regulation of Railways Act 1889 and Transport for London Byelaws. [37][284] The Central London Railway appointed Harry Bell Measures as architect, who designed its pinkish-brown steel-framed buildings with larger entrances. The shortest, at Stratford, gives a vertical rise of 4.1 metres (13ft). Jubilee line - 36.2km A saviour for the outskirts of London, which were previously horribly under-served, the Jubilee line is the newest on the network. [309] Johnston was redesigned, becoming New Johnston, for photo-typesetting in the early 1980s when Elichi Kono designed a range that included Light, Medium and Bold, each with its italic version. [138] In 2012, air-cooling units were installed on platforms at Green Park station using cool deep groundwater and at Oxford Circus using chiller units at the top of an adjacent building. The line is predicted to run 3036 trains per hour, up to a 50% increase compared to the 2425 train per hour service provided today. There are 184 lifts,[153] and numbers have increased in recent years because of investment in making tube stations accessible. [269][270] The word "UNDERGROUND" was placed in a roundel instead of a station name on posters in 1912 by Charles Sharland and Alfred France, as well as on undated and possibly earlier posters from the same period. [6], The Underground has its origins in the Metropolitan Railway, the world's first underground passenger railway. [110], The average speed on the Underground is 20.5mph (33.0km/h). [37], With the advent of electric Tube services (the Waterloo and City Railway and the Great Northern and City Railway), the Volks Electric Railway, in Brighton, and competition from electric trams, the pioneering Underground companies needed modernising. [278][279], In 2016, Tate Modern commissioned conceptual artist Michael Craig-Martin to "reimagine" the roundel, changing its colours for the first time since the sign was introduced. Fares increased following a legal challenge but the fare zones were retained, and in the mid-1980s the Travelcard and the Capitalcard were introduced. [14] Contactless bank card payments were introduced in 2014,[15] the first such use on a public transport system.[16]. Reveal Map: World Capitals II. Bakerloo line capacity could be increased by 25% with 27 tph at peak times by 2033. [180][181][182], In mid-2014 Transport for London issued a tender for up to 18 trains for the Jubilee line and up to 50 trains for the Northern line. Clapham Common. 14:18, Tue [238] When asked, passengers report overcrowding as the aspect of the network that they are least satisfied with, and overcrowding has been linked to poor productivity and potential poor heart health. [191] Siemens Mobility's Inspiro design was selected in June 2018 in a 1.5billion contract. There are three instances where two separate stations share the same name: Edgware . Some stations at the north-eastern end of the Central line are in the Epping Forest district of Essex and some stations at the north-western end of the Metropolitan line are in the Three Rivers and Watford districts of Hertfordshire, and Buckinghamshire. Originally, air turbulence was kept to a minimum by keeping all signage flat to the tunnel walls. In 2020, passenger numbers fell significantly during the COVID-19 pandemic and 40 stations were temporarily closed. . wo men have been stabbed in broad daylight close to a north-west London Tube station. The 6 London boroughs with no Tube stations The five unlucky London boroughs that have never been served by a Tube station are Kingston upon Thames, Croydon, Bexley, Bromley and Sutton. This will replace the existing fleet with new air-cooled walk-through trains and a new signalling system to allow Automatic Train Operation. build the 'Thameslink 2' to Stratford via Greenwich, Canary Wharf and Bromley-by-Bow to take pressure off the DLR, and then go up to Stansted Airport where . [93] This record was subsequently beaten in later years, with 4.82 million riders in December 2015. [243] Mobile phone apps and services have been developed to help passengers claim their refund more efficiently. It has been shown as two separate stations at different times in the past. [55] In the same year that the London Passenger Transport Board was formed, Harry Beck's diagrammatic tube map first appeared. [280], An early form of the roundel as used on the platform at Ealing Broadway, The form used today outside Westminster tube station, Roundel and "way out" arrow on a platform at Bethnal Green station, Michael Craig-Martin's 2016 roundel design, NO SMOKING signs using the roundel which are present only on the 1972 stock trains of the Bakerloo line, Seventy of the 272 London Underground stations use buildings that are on the Statutory List of Buildings of Special Architectural or Historic Interest, and five have entrances in listed buildings. Therefore, the transportation and complex network literatures include extensive information about the Tube system. This system depends on adequate cross-sectional area of the airspace above the passengers heads in the foot tunnels and escalators, where laminar airflow is proportional to the fourth power of the radius, the HagenPoiseuille equation. [290] The Met's architect Charles Walter Clark had used a neo-classical design for rebuilding Baker Street and Paddington Praed Street stations before the First World War and, although the fashion had changed, continued with Farringdon in 1923. [137], In June 2006 a groundwater cooling system was installed at Victoria station. [165] Due to financial impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic, work to implement the extension is currently on hold. [306] A bold version of the capitals was developed by Johnston in 1929. [50] The Metropolitan promoted housing estates near the railway with the "Metro-land" brand and nine housing estates were built near stations on the line. An example is Green Park tube station, where false ceiling panels attached to metal frames have been installed that reduce the above-head airspace diameter by more than half in many parts. [124], London Underground trains come in two sizes, larger sub-surface trains and smaller deep-tube trains. [168][169] In 2019, the Canary Wharf Group suggested the construction of a new rail line between Euston and Canary Wharf, to improve connections to the future High Speed 2 railway. [38] There were other reports claiming beneficial outcomes of using the Underground, including the designation of Great Portland Street as a "sanatorium for [sufferers of ] asthma and bronchial complaints", tonsillitis could be cured with acid gas and the Twopenny Tube cured anorexia. [253], Early maps of the Metropolitan and District railways were city maps with the lines superimposed,[254] and the District published a pocket map in 1897. Piccadilly line capacity could be increased by 60% with 33 trains per hour (tph) at peak times by 2025. [308] Johnston was adopted systemwide after the formation of the LPTB in 1933 and the LT wordmark was applied to locomotives and carriages. Listed for each station is the line or lines serving it, the local authority and London Travelcard zone in which it is located, the date it opened, previous names and passenger usage statistics in millions per year.. London tram workers queue up for their pay at the tram subway in Kingsway, High Holborn on April 7 1930. The London Underground Film Office received over 200 requests to film in 2000. Underground map with the tube lines and stations, according to the current . The Bakerloo line between Queen . [16] The Underground first started accepting contactless debit and credit cards in September 2014. [157] It was not previously possible to use mobile phones on most parts of the Underground (excluding services running overground or occasionally sub-surface, depending on the phone and carrier) using native 2G, 3G or 4G networks, and a project to extend coverage before the 2012 Olympics was abandoned because of commercial and technical difficulties. [37] Robyn Denny designed the murals on the Northern line platforms at Embankment. [127] All lines use fixed-length trains with between six and eight cars, except for the Waterloo & City line that uses four cars. [36], While steam locomotives were in use on the Underground there were contrasting health reports. Devised in 1933 by Harry Beck, the London Underground map is a 20th-century design classic. The transfer of responsibility was staged, with transfer of control of London Underground delayed until July 2003, when London Underground Limited became an indirect subsidiary of TfL. This line is important in this project because it currently provides a less frequent service than other lines. [285], In the first decade of the 20th century Leslie Green established a house style for the tube stations built by the UERL, which were clad in ox-blood faience blocks. The Tube handles up to five million passenger journeys a day. People ask also, what is the longest underground line? [335], The London Underground provides busking permits for up to 39 pitches across 25 central London stations, with over 100,000 hours of live music performed each year. [125] Since the early 1960s all passenger trains have been electric multiple units with sliding doors[126] and a train last ran with a guard in 2000. [340], This article is about the rapid transit system in London. [152], There are 426 escalators on the London Underground system and the longest, at 60 metres (200ft), is at Angel. [331] The Underground has also featured in music such as The Jam's "Down in the Tube Station at Midnight" and in literature such as the graphic novel V for Vendetta. [203] Fares for single journeys are cheaper than paper tickets, and a daily cap limits the total cost in a day to the price of a Day Travelcard. Likewise, Southwark follows at 21m, Elephant & Castle at 18m, followed by Pimlico at 16m . 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